Educational Psychology Chapter 2 Notes

Pages 28-35
Erikson: Psycho-social Development
Basic Principles of Erikson's Theory

Epigentic- In fetal dev. certain organs appear at certain times and combine to form the child
Psycho-social Crisis- Personality dev. through turning points

Stages of Psycho-social Development

Trust V Mistrust (birth to 1 year)
Initiative V Guilt (4 to 5 years)
Industry V Inferiority (6 to 11 years)
Identity V Role Confusion (12 to 18 years)
Intimacy V Isolation (young adult)
Generativity V Stagnation (middle age)
Integrity V Despair (old age)

James Marcia's Identity Statuses

ID diffusion
Foreclosure
Moratorium
ID Achievement


Pages 50-55
Vygotsky Cognitive Development

Culture- Groupings/ Parents Teachings
Social Interaction- Learning from Peers
Instruction- Spontaneous concepts, scientific concepts,  empirical learning, theoretical learning

Pages 58-65
Piaget, Kohlberg, and Gilligan: Moral Development

Piaget- Age changes inter. of the rules
Moral Realism V Moral Relativism

Kohlberg- Moral Dilemmas
6 Stages of Moral Reasoning

1.  Punishment/Obedience Orientation
2. Instrumental Relative Orientation
3. Good Boy/Nice Girl Orientation
4. Law and Order Orientation
5. Social Contract Orientation
6. Universal Ethical Principle Orientation

Gilligan- Females Care, loyal, understanding, sharing Men don't mess with my my life I wont mess with yours.
Noddings- Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education

Pages 38-45

Piaget: Cognitive Development
Basic Principles of Piaget's Theory

Organization, Schemes, and Adaption relate by org. leading to accommodation leading to assimilation.
Equilibrium- Best Adaptation to Environment
Disequilibrium- Opposite
Learning- Creates EQ or DISEQ

Stages of Cognitive Development

Sensorimotor Stage- Infants/Toddlers
Preoperational Stage- Pre School to Primary Grades
Concrete Operational Stage- Elementary to Middle School
Formal Occupational Stage- Middle to High School and Beyond

Educational Psychology Chapter 1/Articles Review

These four articles cover topics such as how teaching cannot be watered down to an exact science, how teachers adapt to their environment early in their careers, inequality in schools, and cross-state mobility of the teaching workforce. Chapter one of our textbook relates to these articles in an abstract way. I mean this by saying that though they both cover ways teachers should adapt and learn, the similarities get muddy after that point. In the textbook chapter one begins by describing educational psychology and its goal to understand students, then continues to explain how learning this subject makes us better teachers. The textbook does touch on scientific approaches to education as does one article, concluding by describing teaching as both an art and science, which should be adapted to by teachers. As far as where I stand, I believe this class is essential to being a teacher. Though teaching is not an exact science, an understanding of how students behave and why, helps us to reach them in ways we could not without that understanding. No matter what color our students are, we should expect nothing less than success from them in and out of the classroom. I expect every one of my students to either go to college or into a vocational career because of what they learn in school. Because of this I do disagree with any notion that the federal government should hold all states to strict standards, whether that be on the teachers or students. Education is typically better when ran by the states, with only necessary assistance from the federal government. When each state is allowed to set its own standards in both academics and vocation in regards to loose if any federal standards, the needs of students are better met in my opinion. After reading both the textbook and these articles I am excited to learn how students think as well as how to meet their individual needs in order to better myself and the education system as a whole.

TPACK Lesson Plan Reflection 1/11/17

Lesson Plan for TPACK integration

Application

FFA/American Agriculture History

Learners: Freshman/Intro to Agriculture class

Learning Outcomes: At the end of this activity, students will know important dates in FFA/American Agriculture History.

Assessment: Students will be given a quiz at the end of the lecture

Order of Events:

• ·         The lesson will be begin by asking the students if they know some basic dates/facts about the FFA and American Agriculture. This should take a few minutes.
• ·         We will then use the FFA website to find some important dates/facts about FFA, as well as discuss them and good ways to retain this information. This should take five to ten minutes.
• ·         After using the FFA website, I will give more dates and facts about American agriculture using PowerPoint. This should take about five minutes.
• ·         At the end of the lecture I will ask the students questions regarding the information covered, followed by a short quiz on the Socrative quiz app. I will show the students how the app works before and after the exam. If there is enough time after the quiz, we will go over upcoming chapter events.

Reflection:

1.       My lesson was stronger in the content taught than the technology itself. In fact I struggled a bit using the Socrative app.
2.    The use of the PowerPoint app as well as the FFA website helped enhance learning through both convenience and self-learning from the students.
3.    My teaching strategies during this lesson were based heavily on teacher/student interacting in the content being presented to them via PowerPoint and website. This helped the student learn through me involving them and asking what they think showing that I care about their involvement and I’m not just talking to myself. Some specific examples include when I asked when they thought FFA included African Americans, or when I asked how a war in Europe could cause dust storms in the United States.
4.    Some misinformed pre conceptions about agriculture as well as what is to be gained from agriculture education has to be adjusted through my teaching.
5.       The technology such as the PowerPoint application helps me present the lecture with better graphics and more ease in transitions. The FFA website helps me plant a seed for ongoing student self-learning and provides the info I was teaching for me. The Socrative app was not very useful to me, I could have much less struggle and ease in grading with a paper test.
6.      Next time I will give a paper quiz which will be easier and produce better results for the students learning by seeing the grade they deserve first and not the errors of the computer. I wouldn’t change anything about the technology for the rest of my lesson.
7.      The PowerPoint provided great graphics and ease in transitions. The FFA website provided my information for me.
8.     The PowerPoint in combination with my teaching makes the lecture less boring. The FFA website offers news, membership, history, and much more to me and my students. 

Thingverse, Smithsonian X 3-D Educators Article, and 3-D printers in schools. 1/10/17

Thingverse Reaction-
Though I feel very indifferent about 3-D printers and any necessity they have in education, it is still very cool technology that can be fun to play with. My favorite parts of the site include the neat illusions you can create such as a hollow face dragon, faces, triangles, and much more. I can see this as beneficial to addressing some learning standards in shapes, angles, science, and math. However, I am not convinced the learning is outweighing the cost.

Smithsonian X 3-D Educators Article-
After reading this article I have more faith in the use of 3-D printers in schools after seeing how the Smithsonian has made great use of the technology. Because we are now able to print out Abraham Lincolns face and watch, as well a reinterpretation of the Morse-Vail Telegraph system, students can now visually see and touch objects from the world renown historical museum thanks to the 3-D printer. This technology also has allowed a Penn State biology teacher who survived cancer the ability to explain the molecular basis of cancer to his students in more vivid detail through tangible objects.

3-D Printers in Schools-
This article which provides more detail through academic study, explains how twenty one schools who were provided with funding for a 3-D printer, were able to stimulate more student motivation through its use when engaged in subjects such as Science and Mathematics. Though the study found the use of the 3-D printer to be at its most basic levels of simple 3-D objects, over time as all technology tends to do, advancements will be made in both the technology itself as well as the classroom. After reading this article, I have to be optimistic for the 3-D printers use and advancement in the classroom in certain subjects. This technology does provide a more tangible hands on experience for students, but being in a hands on field myself, I doubt I will be using  a 3-D printer or asking for one anytime soon.

TPACK and Assigned Article Review 1/7/17

In both the TPACK article as well as my assigned article entitled, "Teachers' Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Learning Activity Types", the focus is primarily put on the integration of technology into teaching. In the TPACK article, the authors from Michigan State University open by explaining how the rise of digital technology has changed routines in all of the workforce in order to show its overall importance and solidify their overall argument for integration. They continue by addressing the problem which they believe to be the tendency to only look at the technology and not how it is being used. This problem is likely due to a lack of theoretical grounding surrounding technology as it is often analyzed by case studies as technology is forever changing. The framework for solving some of these issues is done rather broadly by addressing teacher content knowledge and pedagogy. In order to be a good teacher, a happy medium must be met between the two, known as pedagogical content knowledge. In order for teachers to effectively integrate technology into their classrooms, they need to not only know the basics of how to use such technology, but also how to apply it in their classroom effectively. Though effective use can vary by subject or classroom, all teachers should learn at least the basics of  technology as well as ways to effectively apply it in any basic classroom. In my assigned article which was in fact written by the same authors Punya Mishra and Matthew Koehler, they include the input of another author Judith Harris from the College of William and Mary. In this study which addresses the same issues with similar solutions, they have examined K-12 teachers and their instructional applications of educational technologies. The study begins by stating that many of these applications are pedagogically unsophisticated as they are limited in terms of breadth, variety, and depth. They then identify five general approaches that are typical of current and past integration efforts. These include software-focused initiatives, demonstrations of sample resources, technology based educational reform efforts, structured/standardized professional development workshops or courses, and technology focused teacher education courses. Though all of these approaches differ from one another they all tend to organize their efforts by current technology being used instead of focusing on the learning needs of students and how use of such technology can meet those needs. The article then continues to show the difference between pedagogical and content knowledge, emphasizing the need for teachers to find that happy medium. Though both of these articles are essentially the same with the same authors and the exception of Judith Harris, the one assigned to me does expand on the TPACK article and shows what methods are being used and have been used as well as how to more effectively reach students with the technology, rather than focus on the technology itself. After all, it is truly about the students and not the technology.

Article Reflections 1/6/17

Miracle Maker

This article focuses on Anthony Atala, who was born in Peru, and is currently the director of the Wake Forrest Institute for Regenerative Medicine. For the past decade this surgeon has been working towards delivering live organs that can be ordered online, and printed out in the hospital. According to Atala it started back in the early 1990's when many shortages for transplant organs were causing patients to die before replacements could be found. Though it may seem like science fiction, in 1999 Atala and a team of researchers built successful bladders for seven children out of collagen and synthetic polymer. Though many praised this revolution in medicine, Atala knew the process took too long and was not viable to implement everywhere. What Atala really wanted was an assembly line for creating these organs. This could be accomplished in some forms through early 3-D printers until the ITOP came along. This printer was able to keep human and animal cells alive longer than previous models and successfully implanted cartilage, bone, and muscle tissue on rodents. This breakthrough has given hope that in the near future, the process will be done successfully with humans.

The Home of the Future

Though i believe the idea of a comfy chair that can move on command and stop automatically for a robotic vacuum cleaner would make our lives much easier and is definitely very neat, I cant help but think I will likely never use these products. The reason I would never use them would be both based on financial reasons, and necessity. I want to teach my kids how to do things themselves so that if one day all of this technology which is no doubt fantastic fails, they will know how to do things like clean, cook, and change their oil themselves.

The Best Inventions Powered By Technologies of Tomorrow

There are a ton of very cool inventions in this article but the ones I find the most interesting good or bad include the shoes you can tie with one hand, period proof underwear, and housing that welcomes the homeless. As far as the shoes go, I only find this interesting based on how lazy people can be to really need shoes that you can tie with one hand. This goes back to wanting to teach my children not only to not be lazy, but also to know how to do things for themselves. Though i found that invention rather silly, I did think that the period proof underwear as well as the homeless housing very beneficial. I am not a woman but I can only imagine how great it would be to not have to go to the restroom constantly during menstruation to replace disposable pads. As a Catholic I am also all about helping the homeless, as long as they are willing to get on their feet with the help we give them. These shelters which have clinics, outdoor running tracks, and classrooms could definitely help not only to improve our homeless problem here in the U.S., but also perhaps use those classrooms to provide GED's and job placement.

The Twenty Five Best Inventions of 2016

Again, though there are many cool inventions in this article from the past year of 2016, the ones I find the most interesting good or bad include the solar panels that don't stick out, tires that spin in every direction, and cannabis vape pens. The solar panels that don't stick out help to encourage people to save money and the environment but might not like how ugly the panels look on their house. This solar roof is made up of tiles designed to blend together in order to look like an ordinary roof. On the other hand Goodyear has a designed a spherical concept tire that will help ordinary people do things like parallel park with more ease. Though I am all about knowing how to do things yourself, this invention will help auto owners to park and maneuver into places they could not before with regular tires. Though both of these inventions are very great, now we have to talk about cannabis vape pens. Though they can beneficial over pills to help with insomnia, headaches, etc. These pens will only worsen underage drug use in this country. Vape pens are already being used by minors all across the country, and now kids will be getting baked with vape instead of only having lung problems. I wish the energy put out to make drugs easier to use was put towards more things like the blending solar panels and spherical tires that actually contribute to society.